你如果認為,每一個中文裡說得出來的字或詞都找得到英文裡對照說法,那你大概要背20萬個英文單字。也就是,假設有人背過就絕對不會忘,利用一年365天來背20萬個單字,一天得背550個字。
如果曾經有這樣的想法,勸你趁早打消念頭。因為人的忘性經常比記性好得太多。
不背單字,怎麼讓英文進步呢?本周「戒掉爛英文」,從運用英英字典的開始,讓你習慣用英文去描寫、說明、解釋。當您發覺一部英英字典還不夠你擴大平常會話與書信寫作時,你的英文實力已頗具程度。
假如不是20萬,我腦袋這個database要裝多少字才夠?
答案是,3000個單字!3000個字加上你工作特定得用到的core vocabulary,像IC、banking、finance、human resources,就能夠讓你在工作場合裡講英文無礙。是哪3000個字呢?
這3000個單字,就是英英字典用來解釋說明的基本用字。
1、在英文中,永遠找得到另外一種說法
試著回答這個問題:What is a merger?
你明明背過merger,也常常用在口頭上,但一旦要回答這個問題,就覺得英文不夠用。因為你背單字時,這個字的意思是「合併」。如果你查的是英英字典:
merger
Combination of two or more independent business corporations into a single enterprise, usually involving the absorption of one or more firms by a dominant firm.
merger
1. combining of companies: the joining together of two or more companies or organizations
2. union: a blending, combining, or joining of something with something else, or the state of being blended, combined, or joined together
如果你查的是英英字典,其後你想到merger這個字的時候,不會只存在中文翻譯。也許你不會整段背誦,但起碼你記得:It’s a combination of two companies.
Merger就是combination,這樣是不是更清楚了?
2、英文思考的第一步是挑對英英字典
挑選適合自己閱讀的英英字典: 很多人喜歡強調Webster’s Dictionary,或則是Oxford 21世紀大辭典的偉大之處,但英文程度若不夠好,大概查了幾個單字後,就覺得頭昏腦脹,挫折感與日俱增,可能不會把這些字典擺在您的案頭,而是高懸在書架上供典藏或裝飾用。
適合第二語言中級程度使用的英英字典可參考以下兩部字典:
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners of American English
若是有其他的英英字典符合您的閱讀程度亦可,但千萬不要好高騖遠。試想,外國人到台灣學中文,您會建議他用康熙字典或辭海查生字嗎?
3、發揮聯想力和創造力,字典不只是字典
許多人不敢用英英字典查單字,深怕看不懂,或是查完後不太確定該字的定義。這些困擾,幾乎是每一位英文學習者都要經歷的過程。但是,許多人在剛使用英英字典時,就猛查不懂的單字,結果,反而怪自己英文差,無法持之以恆的練習。
底下就用disease(疾病)這個單字,說明如何善用英英字典,造出不同的句子。學習步驟如下:
步驟1:尋找英英字典解釋的用法
an illness which affects a person, animal, or plant
字典常用an illness(同義字)來解釋
記住,affect這個動詞是初步可以用來搭配
步驟2、試著造句
Unfortunately, he is affected by AIDS personally because recently he has been diagnosed with it.
Her lungs are affected.
步驟3、沒有靈感,造不出句子時,參考例句
She suffers from a rare disease of the brain。
學習到 suffer from 和 disease 的搭配
學習到 adj. + n的搭配,rare disease(罕見的疾病)
Heart disease runs in our family。
學習到用 run 來說明家族中人多有心臟病。run 的用法很傳神
步驟4、進階學習擴充 disease 前後的搭配
filthy(very dirty) conditions that cause disease
由上面的說明聯想出:Air pollution may cause lung disease.
She contracted the disease while she was abroad on holiday。
完整的例句,直接熟記,或做部分修改成為自己的句子。
Mr. Lin contracted SARS while he traveled in China last month.
學習到contract + disease ( V + N)的搭配
The government has taken steps to halt the spread of the disease
學習到 spread of the disease(疾病的蔓延)
Vaccinations(疫苗接種)against infectious diseases such as measles
學習到 infection / infectious disease(傳染性的疾病)
“Mad cow disease” is a fatal degenerative disease of the nervous system。
學習到 fatal disease(致命的疾病)/ degenerative disease(不斷惡化的疾病)
The first symptoms of the disease are vomiting and a slight fever.
symptom of the disease(疾病的症狀)
上班族常感嘆,繁忙的工作中難得工作有機會多閱讀、記單字,其實用對方法,才是英文進步的關鍵。
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